Chemistry is the scientific study of matter, its properties, and its interactions with other matter and with energy. Chemists investigate the composition, structure, and properties of substances, as well as the processes by which substances undergo chemical reactions and transformations.
Here are 30 branches of chemistry:
- Analytical Chemistry: Study of the chemical composition and structure of substances and mixtures, often using chemical and physical methods of analysis.
- Biochemistry: Study of the chemical processes and structures in living organisms, including the structure and function of biomolecules such as proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.
- Chemical Engineering: Application of chemistry and engineering principles to design and optimize chemical processes and industrial systems.
- Chemical Kinetics: Study of the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions.
- Chemical Thermodynamics: Study of the relationships between heat, energy, and chemical reactions.
- Computational Chemistry: Use of computer simulations and modeling to study chemical systems and processes.
- Electrochemistry: Study of the chemical reactions and transformations that occur at the interface between an electrode and an electrolyte.
- Environmental Chemistry: Study of the chemical processes and properties of substances in the natural environment.
- Food Chemistry: Study of the chemical composition and properties of food, as well as the chemical reactions and processes that occur during cooking and digestion.
- Geochemistry: Study of the chemical composition and processes of the Earth and other planets.
- Green Chemistry: Development of chemical processes and products that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances.
- Inorganic Chemistry: Study of the properties and behavior of inorganic substances, including metals, minerals, and non-metallic elements.
- Materials Chemistry: Study of the synthesis, structure, properties, and applications of materials, including metals, polymers, and ceramics.
- Medicinal Chemistry: Design and synthesis of chemical compounds for use as pharmaceuticals and other medical applications.
- Nuclear Chemistry: Study of the behavior and properties of atomic nuclei and the processes of radioactive decay and nuclear reactions.
- Organic Chemistry: Study of the properties and behavior of organic molecules, including hydrocarbons, carbohydrates, and proteins.
- Organometallic Chemistry: Study of the properties and reactions of compounds containing metal-carbon bonds.
- Petroleum Chemistry: Study of the chemical properties and processes involved in the extraction, refining, and processing of crude oil and natural gas.
- Physical Chemistry: Study of the fundamental principles that govern the behavior of matter and energy, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and quantum mechanics.
- Polymer Chemistry: Study of the synthesis, properties, and applications of polymers, including plastics, fibers, and elastomers.
- Quantum Chemistry: Use of quantum mechanics to study the behavior of atoms and molecules and their interactions with electromagnetic radiation.
- Radiochemistry: Study of the behavior of radioactive substances and the effects of radiation on matter.
- Solid State Chemistry: Study of the properties and behavior of solids, including metals, ceramics, and semiconductors.
- Spectroscopy: Study of the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation, including techniques such as infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance.
- Surface Chemistry: Study of the chemical properties and reactions that occur at the interface between two phases, such as a solid and a gas or a liquid and a solid.
- Synthetic Chemistry: Development of new chemical compounds and materials through chemical synthesis.
- Theoretical Chemistry: Use of mathematical models and simulations to study chemical systems and processes.
- Thermochemistry: Study of the relationships between heat, energy, and chemical reactions, with a focus on the measurement and prediction of energy changes.
- Water Chemistry: Study of the chemical properties and behavior of water, including its role in environmental and biological systems.
- Zeolite Chemistry: Study of the synthesis, structure, and properties of zeolites, a group of porous minerals with important applications in catalysis, adsorption, and ion exchange.