Here are heart-related diseases, along with their symptoms and causes:
- Coronary artery disease (CAD) - Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, sweating, nausea, and dizziness. Cause: Plaque buildup in the arteries.
- Myocardial infarction (MI) or heart attack - Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, nausea, sweating, and lightheadedness. Cause: Blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.
- Angina - Symptoms: Chest pain, discomfort, or pressure that can radiate to the arms, neck, jaw, or back. Cause: Narrowing of the coronary arteries.
- Arrhythmia - Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, palpitations, dizziness, fainting, and shortness of breath. Cause: Electrical disturbances in the heart.
- Atrial fibrillation - Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, fatigue, shortness of breath, chest pain, and dizziness. Cause: Irregular electrical impulses in the heart's upper chambers.
- Heart failure - Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, swelling in the legs and ankles, and rapid heartbeat. Cause: Weakened heart muscle or damaged heart valves.
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy - Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, palpitations, and fainting. Cause: Thickening of the heart muscle.
- Dilated cardiomyopathy - Symptoms: Shortness of breath, swelling in the legs, fatigue, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: Weakened heart muscle.
- Pericarditis - Symptoms: Chest pain, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Cause: Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart.
- Endocarditis - Symptoms: Fever, fatigue, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Cause: Infection of the heart valves.
- Rheumatic heart disease - Symptoms: Fatigue, chest pain, shortness of breath, and swollen joints. Cause: Infection with streptococcal bacteria.
- Pulmonary hypertension - Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Cause: High blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs.
- Mitral valve prolapse - Symptoms: Chest pain, palpitations, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Cause: Malfunctioning of the heart's mitral valve.
- Pulmonary valve stenosis - Symptoms: Chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and fainting. Cause: Narrowing of the pulmonary valve.
- Tricuspid valve stenosis - Symptoms: Fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid buildup in the legs and abdomen. Cause: Narrowing of the tricuspid valve.
- Aortic valve stenosis - Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, and dizziness. Cause: Narrowing of the aortic valve.
- Cardiac tamponade - Symptoms: Shortness of breath, fatigue, chest pain, and swelling in the legs. Cause: Fluid buildup around the heart.
- Acute pericarditis - Symptoms: Chest pain, fever, fatigue, and shortness of breath. Cause: Inflammation of the pericardium.
- Cardiogenic shock - Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, and shortness of breath. Cause: Severe heart failure.
- Pulmonary embolism - Symptoms: Shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, and coughing up blood. Cause: Blockage of a lung artery.
- Brugada syndrome - Symptoms: Fainting, palpitations, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: Genetic disorder affecting
- Brugada syndrome - Symptoms: Fainting, palpitations, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: Genetic disorder affecting the sodium channels in the heart. caused by a genetic mutation that affects the way sodium channels in the heart work. Sodium channels play an important role in the heart's electrical system, which regulates the heartbeat. In people with Brugada syndrome, the mutation can cause an abnormal heart rhythm, which can lead to fainting, seizures, or sudden death. The condition is usually inherited, meaning it is passed down from a parent to their children. In rare cases, Brugada syndrome can also occur spontaneously without a family history of the condition.
- Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome - Symptoms: Rapid heartbeat, chest pain, and fainting. Cause: An extra electrical pathway in the heart.
- Long QT syndrome - Symptoms: Fainting, palpitations, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: Genetic disorder affecting the ion channels in the heart.
- Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD) - Symptoms: Irregular heartbeat, chest pain, and fainting. Cause: Genetic disorder affecting the muscle tissue in the right ventricle.
- Takotsubo cardiomyopathy - Symptoms: Chest pain, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: Emotional or physical stress that can cause temporary weakening of the heart muscle.
- Hypertensive heart disease - Symptoms: Chest pain, fatigue, shortness of breath, and irregular heartbeat. Cause: High blood pressure that damages the heart.
- Cerebrovascular disease - Symptoms: Numbness or weakness in the face or limbs, confusion, trouble speaking, and severe headache. Cause: Blockage or rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.
- Peripheral artery disease - Symptoms: Leg pain, cramping, and fatigue. Cause: Narrowing of the arteries in the legs.
- Venous thromboembolism - Symptoms: Swelling, pain, and tenderness in the legs, and shortness of breath. Cause: Blood clots in the veins, usually in the legs.
- Aortic aneurysm - Symptoms: Chest pain, back pain, and difficulty breathing. Cause: Weakness in the wall of the aorta, which can lead to a bulge or rupture.